In order to explain the new approach it is necessary to re-examine Newtonian dynamics and special relativity. Certain aspects are better seen if force is treated as a defined quantity rather than a primary one. This idea is not new: it was the view of d'Alembert and especially H R Hertz. One result is that the principle of equivalence, in its weak form, does not arise, yet this is stated to be one of the foundations of general relativity. Curved space time may be regarded as just another invention to replace the invention of force. Neither are needed but are very useful concepts, as is money to commerce.
In this revised edition, an extra term has been added to the basic equation which is in the direction of the relative velocity and is a function of the radial velocity. This affects the speed of light. The new equation generates the accepted value for the Last Stable Orbit and agrees with the measured results of the Shapiro Time Delay. As it is a function of the fourth power of the relative velocity, it has a minimal effect on solar orbits.